Radiation oncologists try to select the most effective dose of radiation to destroy a tumor while still protecting normal tissues. Nonetheless, there are often acute effects during treatment, mainly on rapidly growing tissues that are in the radiation field such as the skin, the mucous membranes (mucosa) in the esophagus, the bladder, small intestine and rectum. These tissues usually heal within a few weeks after radiation. There may also be late chronic effects that can result in the formation of scar tissue, ulcerations or damage to an organ.
Depending on which part of the body is irradiated, you may develop special problems that will affect your ability to get enough nutrition. But many of these problems can be prevented or eased by careful planning and treatment. Your close cooperation with your radiation oncologist and dietitian will let you complete your treatment with as few side effects as possible.
Mouth Problems Radiation to the mouth and throat may result in painful sores on membranes (mucositis), dry mouth, dental problems and taste changes or the loss of taste.
• Dental problems If you are getting radiation to the oral cavity or pharynx, a complete dental evaluation is
essential before treatment. Your teeth should be x-rayed and any decayed teeth either repaired or removed. If
you have to have a tooth extracted, the site must be completely healed before treatment to avoid late and
irreversible bone damage. Radiation treatment should generally not start until about 14 days after any
extraction. Your other teeth should be treated daily with a topical fluoride to help prevent cavities.
